Performance differences between v0.11.2 and v0.11.3 and OpenSSL

The overall result is promising: P-256 sign operation improved 9.4 times, but is still a 4.9 times slower than OpenSSL.

Numbers in operations per second (apart from speedup, which is a factor v0.11.3 / v0.11.2), gathered on a Intel i7-5600U CPU 2.60GHz using FreeBSD 14.0, OCaml 4.14.1, and OpenSSL 3.0.12.

P224

P256

P384

P521

25519

v0.11.2 (2023-09-18)

• mirage-crypto-rng-eio: improve portability by using eio 0.7's monotonic clock interface instead of mtime.clock.os. (#176 @TheLortex)
• mirage-crypto-rng-eio: update to eio 0.12 (#182 @talex5)
• mirage-crypto-rng: fix typo in RNG setup (#179 @samueldurantes)
• macOS: on arm64 with clang 14.0.3, avoid instcombine (due to miscompilations) reported by @samoht https://github.com/mit-plv/fiat-crypto/issues/1606#issuecomment-1560122239 re-reported in https://github.com/ulrikstrid/ocaml-jose/issues/63 and https://github.com/mirleft/ocaml-tls/issues/478 (#185 @hannesm @kit-ty-kate)
• avoid "stringop-overflow" warning on PPC64 and S390x (spurious warnings) when in devel mode (#178 #184 @avsm @hannesm)
• stricter C prototypes, unsigned/signed integers (#175 @MisterDA @haesbaert @avsm @hannesm)
• support DragonFlyBSD (#181 @movepointsolutions)
• support GNU/Hurd (#174 @pinotree)

v0.11.1 (2023-03-09)

• BUGFIX Chacha20 decrypt and encrypt with empty data (previously lead to segmentation fault, reported by @smondet in #172, fix in #173 by @reynir @hannesm), added tests with empty data for all symmetric ciphers

v0.11.0 (2023-02-09)

• BREAKING split mirage-crypto-rng-lwt away from mirage-crypto-rng (#168 @hannesm, reported by @bikallem #158) This means, a "mirage-crypto-rng.lwt" should now be "mirage-crypto-rng-lwt" in your dune file (or in META requires, or in _tags).
• AEAD API improvements: provide tag_size, of_secret, and functions that deal with the tag separately (#171 @hannesm, fixes #74 #144 @orbitz @anmonteiro) Only CCM16 (with tag size 16) is now exposed, the former API does not exist anymore (passing ~maclen to of_secret), according to sherlocode the only usage was CCM16 anyways This means any "Mirage_crypto.AES.CCM" should now be "Mirage_crypto.AES.CCM16" and any "CCM.of_secret ~maclen:16 key" should now be "CCM16.of_secret key" Any occurrence of "Mirage_crypto.Cipher_block.S.CCM" should now be "Mirage_crypto.Cipher_block.S.CCM16"

• BREAKING unify RNG initialization (reported by @talex5 in #155, fixes #160, PR #162 @hannesm) This means:

  • "Mirage_crypto_rng_lwt.initialize ()" should now be "Mirage_crypto_rng_lwt.initialize (module Mirage_crypto_rng.Fortuna)"
  • "Mirage_crypto_rng_unix.initialize ()" should now be "Mirage_crypto_rng_unix.initialize (module Mirage_crypto_rng.Fortuna)"
• remove mirage 3 cross-compilation runes (#163 @hannesm)
• CI: mirage-crypto-rng-eio requires ocaml 5 and dune 2.7 (#170 @hannesm, fixes #169 thanks to @bikallem @talex5)
• CI: use mirage 4 (#166 @hannesm)

v0.10.7 (2022-09-13)

• mirage-crypto-rng-eio: new package for seeding and feeding entropy to the rng with eio (#155 @bikallem, @talex5, @hannesm)
• mirage-crypto-ec: expose Dsa.byte_length (#164 @hannesm)
• CI: various fixes (#154 #164 @hannesm)
• mirage-crypto-rng-mirage: use 'a generator type alias
• mirage-crypto-rng: improve setup_rng message (add async, revise lwt) (#161 @hannesm)
• mirage-crypto-rng-mirage: always feed the default generator (as done in a8c7bbd2552a9d2177450e95f280342f80fba01d for the lwt feeding) (#161 @hannesm)
• ec: update generated code to recent fiat-crypto (#156 @hannesm)

v0.10.6 (2022-03-29)

• Use _WIN32 instead of WIN32, as proposed by @jonahbeckford in #137
• PKG_CONFIG_PATH via cygpath on Window (#150 @MisterDA)
• ocaml-solo5 (formerly ocaml-freestanding) defines ocaml_solo5, use this in ifdef (arm only, #152 @hannesm)
• mirag-crypto-rng-mirage test: require mirage-unix >= 5.0.0 (#151 @hannesm)
• use oUnit2 as dependency, instead of oUnit (#149 @MisterDA)
• support mipsel and mips64el compilation (#148 @glondu)
• bugfix: define _POSIX_C_SOURCE in entropy_cpu_stubs.c (otherwise clock_gettime is not defined - at least on armhf) (#148 @glondu)
• bugfix: compilation on kfreebsd-* (adding FreeBSD_kernel to ifdef) (#148 @glondu)

v0.10.5 (2021-11-22)

• mirage-crypto-ec: support point compression (#142 #147 @Zett98)

v0.10.4 (2021-10-25)

• hash: ensure alignment of data, fixes arm32 test cases (#143 @hannesm)
• drop sexplib and ppx_sexp_conv dependencies (#141 @hannesm)
• install LICENSE files of different opam packages
• require eqaf >= 0.8 to avoid bigarray-compat dependency (#139 by @hannesm)
• update to GH actions 2.1, fix windows action (#135 #139 @avsm @smorimoto)
• drop rresult dependency (#139 #141 by @hannesm @reynir)
• avoid deprecated Cstruct.len, use Cstruct.length instead (#134 by @hannesm)
• mirage-crypto-pk: adapt to mirage 4 (#141 @TheLortex @samoht)

v0.10.3 (2021-07-24)

• support for s390x (#129 by @edelsohn)
• mirage-crypto: add Hash.hmac_feed, analogous to Hash.feed (#130 by @reynir)
• use --std=c11 in C flags, as required by upcoming OCaml multicore (#133 by @hannesm, review by @Engil)
• update fiat-crypto generated code (now emitting inline attribute) (#132 by @hannesm)

v0.10.2 (2021-06-07)

• mirage-crypto-ec: dune C stubs compilation rules: explicitely declare the include directory instead of listing it as a flag, so that the dependency is correctly tracked (#122 by @TheLortex)
• mirage-crypto: compatibility with gcc11 (-Warray-parameters warning) (reported in #124 by @TheLortex, fixed in #125 by @hannesm)
• support for 64 bit RISC-V (#127 by @edwintorok)
• Fixed esy cross-compile CI (#126 by @EduardoRFS)

v0.10.1 (2021-04-25)

• mirage-crypto-ec: make inversion run in constant time (#121 by @dfaranha)

v0.10.0 (2021-04-20)

• mirage-crypto-rng on arm32 only use mrrc if in kernel mode, use mrc in user land mode, and clock_gettime as fallback (reported by @adams-1979 in #113, fix in #120 by @hannesm)
• mirage-crypto-ec: revise key generation API, and provide Dh.secret_of_cstruct for test vectors (and other scenarios where you need to decode an existing DH secret). Before, this was embedded into the generate function, which could diverged for some input (#119 @hannesm)

v0.9.2 (2021-04-08)

• mirage-crypto-ec: fix X25519 and Ed25519 if called with Cstruct.t whose offset is not equal to 0. Add unit tests to avoid the same issue in the future (#118 by @hannesm)

v0.9.1 (2021-04-04)

• mirage-crypto-ec: fix ECDSA verify if r or s are shorter than the modulus (#117 by @hannesm)
• Fixed esy cross-compile CI (#116 by @EduardoRFS)

v0.9.0 (2021-03-31)

• Elliptic curve support in the new package mirage-crypto-ec

  The arithmetic code is generated by fiat-crypto, a development in Coq which includes proofs of constant time behaviour. The generation can be reproduced (see ec/native/GNUmakefile).

  The group operation implementations are taken from BoringSSL. The high-level mechanisms (signature DSA and key exchange ECDH) are implemented in OCaml. The ECDSA implementation (as our DSA one) uses a deterministic k (RFC 6979).

  The NIST curves P224 (SECP224R1), P256 (SECP256R1), P384 (SECP384R1), and P521 (SECP521R1) are supported (ECDH and ECDSA), in addition to Curve25519 (X25519 and Ed25519).

  Performance of X25519 has been measured and is roughly the same as the hacl_x25519 and also the hacl opam package (see #107 for numbers).

  Tests vectors are from RFCs and wycheproof.

  Import mirage/fiat repository (@pascutto @emillon @NathanReb @hannesm #101) Check bounds of message (reported by @greg42, fixed by @hannesm #108) Remove blinding, since constant time arithmetics is used (@hannesm #106) Curve 25519 (X25519 & Ed25519) support (@hannesm #107 imported from BoringSSL)

  Partially reviewed by @JasonGross @avsm @dinosaure Partially sponsored by Nitrokey GmbH

v0.8.10 (2021-01-21)

• Rsa.priv: require 1 = d * e mod (lam n). This allows interoperability with OpenSSL generated keys. Reported and fixed by @psafont in #100.

v0.8.9 (2021-01-20)

• Rsa: Adapt computation of d = e ^ -1 mod (lam n), with lam n = lcm (p - 1) (q - 1) (previously lam n = (p - 1) * (q - 1)) Fixes #62 reported by @mattjbray, investigated by @psafont, fixed in #99 by @hannesm

v0.8.8 (2021-01-04)

• new package mirage-crypto-rng-async, entropy feeding using async (#90 @seliopou)
• Entropy.cpu_rng and Entropy.cpu_rng_bootstrap result in Error `Not_supported on CPUs without RDRAND/RDSEED support (previously an exception was raised in cpu_rng_bootstrap, and cpu_rng resulted in a no-op) (#92 @seliopou)
• Entropy.cpu_rng delays entropy feeding (returns unit -> unit instead of unit). This fixes a memory leak, reported by @talex5 #94, fixed in #95 by @hannesm The leak was introduced in v0.8.0.
• Avoid illegal instructions on X86 CPUs without SSSE3 instruction set. Both SHA256 and ChaCha used PSHUFB which is not available on e.g. AMD Phenom II (report #93 by @dinosaure @samoht @pirbo @RichAyotte @sebeec, fixed in #96 by @hannesm)

v0.8.7 (2020-11-03)

• revise MirageOS cross-compilation (#89, @hannesm)

v0.8.6 (2020-10-21)

• Detect CPU architecture from C compiler, allowing cross-compiling to Android and iOS (#84 by @EduardoRFS)
• Upgrade to dune2, use a Makefile for building freestanding libraries, drop mirage-xen-posix support (solo5-based PVH exists now) #86 by @hannesm

v0.8.5 (2020-08-30)

• Avoid accessing unmapped memory in ChaCha20 (#83 by @hannesm, introduced in 0.8.1)

v0.8.4 (2020-08-22)

• Mirage_crypto_rng: avoid using rdseed if it returned 0 during bootstrap (#82 @hannesm)
• Avoid misaligned cast in xor (#79 reported by @talex5 on arm32, fixed in #81 by @hannesm)

v0.8.3 (2020-07-27)

• Fix ppc64le cycle_counter (add missing Val_long) (#78 @hannesm)

  • test_entropy is now test_entropy_collection
  • test_entropy checks timer and bootstrap functions
• Avoid polluting symbol table with global non-prefixed symbols (reported by @anmonteiro in #77, fixed #78 @hannesm (suggested by @dinosaure))
• Avoid "caml_" prefix in entropy_stubs, use "mc_" instead (#78 @hannesm)

v0.8.2 (2020-07-25)

• Add support for ppc64le. (#76 @avsm)

v0.8.1 (2020-07-02)

• Add Chacha20 implementation (based on abeaumont/ocaml-chacha), supporting both DJB's original specification (nonce 64 bit, counter 64 bit) and IETF (RFC 8439: nonce 96 bit, counter 32 bit) (#72 @hannesm)
• Add Poly1305 implementation based on floodyberry/poly1305-donna (#72 @hannesm)

• Unified AEAD module type, implemented by CCM, GCM, and Chacha20/Poly1305 The functions "authenticate_encrypt" and "authenticate_decrypt" are defined, which append (encrypt) and check equality (decrypt, using Eqaf for constant-time comparison) the authentication tag directly. Breaking changes:

  • GCM "~iv" is now "~nonce"
  • GCM encrypt returns the encrypted data and authentication tag appended
  • GCM decrypt returns the plaintext as option (None on authentication failure) (#73 @hannesm)

v0.8.0 (2020-06-18)

• New package mirage-crypto-rng-mirage which contains the entropy collection code for MirageOS (#69 requested by @samoht, implemented by @hannesm)
• Mirage_crypto_rng_lwt.initialize is not inside the Lwt monad anymore, and thus can be called by libraries at top level (#69, requested by @avsm @xguerin @talex5 in mirage/ocaml-conduit#318, implemented by @hannesm)
• Both Mirage_crypto_rng_lwt.initialize and Mirage_crypto_rng_unix.initialize don't do anything if called a second time (#69, implemented by @hannesm)
• Entropy source registration is now open and done via Entropy.register_source : string -> source, instead of a closed variant (#69, fixes #68, implemented by @hannesm)

v0.7.0 (2020-05-18)

• CPU feature detection (AESNI, SSE3, PCLMULQ) at runtime instead of compile time (#53 @Julow, fixed MirageOS support #61, review by @hannesm) performance hit up to 5%

• Revise entropy collection (#64 @hannesm review by @dinosaure @cfcs) mirage-crypto-entropy has been folded into mirage-crypto-rng.{unix,lwt,mirage}

  • the RNG is no longer fork() safe, if you use fork in your code, be sure to reseed the RNG in the child process
  • on Unix and Lwt, the used RNG is Fortuna, seeded by getrandom(), rdrand/rdseed, and whirlwind
  • Mirage_crypto_rng_lwt does entropy collection for Lwt applications

  • entropy collection is now similar to FreeBSD:

    • rdrand/rdseed is executed in a separate task (by default every second)
    • on Unix, getrandom() is executed in another separate task (by default every 10 seconds)
    • on every enter of the Lwt event loop, some bits of rdtsc are collected (rdrand/rdseed is not on each even loop enter anymore)
  • Fortuna only uses entropy pools if the given period is exhausted (defaults to 1s), and the pool size exceeds 64 bytes
  • The unseeded generator exception prints instructions how to seed the RNG
• 32 bit support (for ghash), requested by @TImada in #60, #65 @hannesm
• use Eqaf_cstruct.find_uint8 instead of Cs.ct_find_uint8 (#52 @dinosaure)
• add (:standard) in C flags to allow cross-compilation #47 @samoht
• Mirage_crypto.Uncommon: remove several functions (Cs.create, Option), requires OCaml 4.08 (#49 #51 @hannesm)
• remove ocplib-endian dependency, use Bytes directly (since 4.07) #51 @hannesm
• bitfn.h cleanup (#56 #58 @hannesm)
• fix build if opam is not available (#66 @hannesm)
• update test.yml GitHub actions (#44 #57 @imbsky)
• Travis CI for arm64 (#55 @hannesm)

v0.6.2 (2020-03-19)

• Do not validate hardcoded DH groups to speedup initializatio time (reported in #43 by @rbardou, fixed in #42 by @hannesm)

v0.6.1 (2020-03-15)

• Add Windows 10+ support (#39 @avsm, review by @hannesm @dinosaure)
• Fix unix stubs to be allocating in case of exception (#39 @avsm review by @hannesm @dinosaure)
• Add GitHub Actions CI (#39 @avsm)
• Rebuild source if the MIRAGE_CRYPTO_ACCELERATE environment variable changes value (#40 @avsm)

v0.6.0 (2020-03-11)

Initial release as mirage-crypto, based on nocrypto 0.5.4 (from January 2017), written by David Kaloper, and mirage-entropy 0.5.1 (February 2020). The goal is to maintain mirage-crypto collaboratively with required reviews for all pull requests, and a CI setup for multiple platforms, thus issues are caught early. The minimum targeted OCaml version is 4.07.0. Mirage-crypto and nocrypto can be installed in the same opam switch, and also linked into the same binary.

The major difference is a split into four opam packages:

• mirage-crypto contains the hash algorithms and ciphers
• mirage-crypto-pk contains the public key cryptography
• mirage-crypto-rng contains the Random Number Generators
• mirage-crypto-entropy contains entropy seeding code used by MirageOS (previously mirage-entropy)

Only mirage-crypto-pk depends on zarith and gmp, the dependency cone of the other packages is small.

Changes from nocrypto 0.5.4/mirage-entropy 0.5.1:

• Dune is used as build system (no longer pack()ed, no optional dependencies)
• Base64 has been removed, use base64
• Numeric has been removed, Mirage_crypto_pk.Z_extra provides to/of_cstruct_be
• RNG generators over numeric types (Rng.Int / Int32 / Int64) have been removed use randomconv
• For random generation of Z.t, previously Rng.Z, now Mirage_crypto_pk.Z_extra.gen and gen_r are provided

mirage-crypto

• Hash: Change of the hashing interface Hash.S:

  • t is now immutable;
  • feed and get are therefore referentially transparent; and
  • digestv was replaced by digesti. Old behavior of feed and get can be replicated by wrapping a t in a reference cell. digestv can be obtained by combining digesti with List.iter.
  • New functions: Hash.S.hmaci, Hash.digesti, Hash.maci
  • The type Hash.hash cannot be converted to a S-expression anymore
• Counter module got removed
• CTR mode: custom type ctr for the counter
• GCM is accelerated (with pclmulqdq and SSE3)
• CCM now computes correct tag with empty additional data
• CCM fails with Invalid_argument when short or long nonce is used (previously assert false)
• CCM decryption of empty ciphertext no longer fails
• GCM fails on empty IV

mirage-crypto-pk

• key data structures are private, smart constructors validate the key data
• DSA blinding now blinds the entire computation of s (previously r was blinded), same as what OpenSSL does
• RSA decrypt/sign has an optional argument (crt_hardening) to check whether the computed signature is valid (default true for PKCS1 signatures), avoiding Lenstra's CRT attack (mentioned again by Weimer)
• use Eqaf_cstruct.equal instead of home-grown ct_eq
• bindings with a bits argument are labeled to avoid confusion of bits and bytes
• Dh secret is now a pair of group and secret, Dh.shared no longer gets the group as separate argument
• the powm_sec function is used to improve timing side channels mitigation (see https://gmplib.org/~tege/modexp-silent.pdf for further detalls). RSA still uses (lacking alternatives) Z.erem and Z.mul/add/sub without timing mitigations, introduces 20-25% performance penalty (as shown below, and discussed in the pdf)

mirage-crypto-rng

• Default RNG is now Null (previously: Fortuna)
• The Mirage_crypto_rng_unix.initialize () sets the default RNG to direct syscalls to getrandom() (on Linux) or getentropy() (on BSD and macOS). Previously, /dev/urandom or /dev/random were used.to seed a Fortuna RNG. The Mirage_crypto_rng is now fork-safe on Unix systems: the child process no longer starts with the RNG seed of the parent.
• As noted above, the generators for numeric types have been removed.

mirage-crypto-entropy

• Control flow inverted, now Mirage_crypto_entropy sets the default RNG in Mirage_crypto_rng, and feeds this rng - previously, a RNG could register a callback to invoke whenever entropy was harvested.
• AMD CPUs with bad rdrand/rdseed, which always return -1, are detected and not used
• Initialization: in addition to whirlwind, rdrand/rdseed is used four times to seed the RNG (including check of the CR flag to ensure random was generated); if no hardware RNG is available, whirlwind is executed thrice.

These changes were prepared and reviewed by @pqwy, @hannesm, @cfcs, @dinosaure, @emillon, @haesbaert, @mseri, @samoht, @reynir, @avsm, @TheLortex, @marmarek.

Performance of mirage-crypto 0.6.0 on an i7-5600U CPU @ 2.60GHz (OCaml 4.09.0):

• [aes-128-ecb] 16: 130.635750 MB/s (17131413 iters in 2.001 s) 64: 446.478551 MB/s (14619573 iters in 1.999 s) 256: 1390.639142 MB/s (11394212 iters in 2.000 s) 1024: 2570.981481 MB/s (5255924 iters in 1.996 s) 8192: 3602.365523 MB/s (923220 iters in 2.002 s)
• [aes-128-cbc-e] 16: 118.576157 MB/s (15562918 iters in 2.003 s) 64: 284.131835 MB/s (9337111 iters in 2.006 s) 256: 443.035755 MB/s (3634381 iters in 2.003 s) 1024: 517.982442 MB/s (1060993 iters in 2.000 s) 8192: 549.691380 MB/s (141017 iters in 2.004 s)
• [aes-128-cbc-d] 16: 120.294692 MB/s (15280286 iters in 1.938 s) 64: 408.896399 MB/s (13385151 iters in 1.998 s) 256: 1239.911665 MB/s (10218204 iters in 2.012 s) 1024: 2307.252487 MB/s (4750356 iters in 2.011 s) 8192: 3200.883102 MB/s (822730 iters in 2.008 s)
• [aes-128-ctr] 16: 128.202344 MB/s (16596766 iters in 1.975 s) 64: 423.311050 MB/s (13761489 iters in 1.984 s) 256: 1263.233926 MB/s (10270525 iters in 1.985 s) 1024: 2168.164371 MB/s (4474403 iters in 2.015 s) 8192: 3029.360927 MB/s (769213 iters in 1.984 s)
• [aes-128-gcm] 16: 42.201314 MB/s (5897756 iters in 2.132 s) 64: 152.244886 MB/s (5026236 iters in 2.015 s) 256: 546.479756 MB/s (4394580 iters in 1.963 s) 1024: 1223.989968 MB/s (2499487 iters in 1.994 s) 8192: 1974.670878 MB/s (507143 iters in 2.006 s)
• [aes-128-ghash] 16: 48.954628 MB/s (6311856 iters in 1.967 s) 64: 176.553952 MB/s (5735112 iters in 1.983 s) 256: 700.256364 MB/s (5667665 iters in 1.976 s) 1024: 2095.813910 MB/s (4238823 iters in 1.975 s) 8192: 5038.045638 MB/s (1284257 iters in 1.991 s)
• [aes-128-ccm] 16: 10.188661 MB/s (1335151 iters in 2.000 s) 64: 33.832886 MB/s (1107442 iters in 1.998 s) 256: 80.837804 MB/s (658093 iters in 1.988 s) 1024: 125.678615 MB/s (256478 iters in 1.993 s) 8192: 150.055764 MB/s (38013 iters in 1.979 s)
• [aes-192-ecb] 16: 123.502998 MB/s (16110634 iters in 1.990 s) 64: 409.911649 MB/s (13468258 iters in 2.005 s) 256: 1270.949485 MB/s (10447481 iters in 2.007 s) 1024: 2301.964244 MB/s (4655905 iters in 1.975 s) 8192: 3106.818520 MB/s (803606 iters in 2.021 s)
• [aes-256-ecb] 16: 119.076345 MB/s (15491470 iters in 1.985 s) 64: 394.571062 MB/s (12925749 iters in 1.999 s) 256: 1202.173821 MB/s (9784687 iters in 1.987 s) 1024: 2091.674323 MB/s (4242987 iters in 1.981 s) 8192: 2775.548835 MB/s (708481 iters in 1.994 s)
• [d3des-ecb] 16: 18.146565 MB/s (2349955 iters in 1.976 s) 64: 20.393800 MB/s (665318 iters in 1.991 s) 256: 20.864270 MB/s (172912 iters in 2.023 s) 1024: 20.749041 MB/s (42337 iters in 1.993 s) 8192: 21.299626 MB/s (5102 iters in 1.871 s)
• [fortuna] 16: 45.461127 MB/s (6009127 iters in 2.017 s) 64: 163.608657 MB/s (5478371 iters in 2.044 s) 256: 576.021850 MB/s (4815192 iters in 2.041 s) 1024: 1394.787051 MB/s (2838832 iters in 1.988 s) 8192: 2375.298268 MB/s (607658 iters in 1.999 s)
• [rng] 16: 18.258923 MB/s (2416789 iters in 2.020 s) 64: 54.093151 MB/s (1770883 iters in 1.998 s) 256: 106.310471 MB/s (870193 iters in 1.998 s) 1024: 109.436412 MB/s (225474 iters in 2.012 s) 8192: 109.587676 MB/s (28091 iters in 2.003 s)
• [md5] 16: 60.932675 MB/s (7919161 iters in 1.983 s) 64: 166.939662 MB/s (5392579 iters in 1.972 s) 256: 315.792950 MB/s (2725727 iters in 2.107 s) 1024: 432.116247 MB/s (888683 iters in 2.008 s) 8192: 457.205673 MB/s (123686 iters in 2.113 s)
• [sha1] 16: 51.685511 MB/s (7112274 iters in 2.100 s) 64: 142.165035 MB/s (4545000 iters in 1.951 s) 256: 290.103032 MB/s (2374321 iters in 1.998 s) 1024: 392.263515 MB/s (798932 iters in 1.989 s) 8192: 441.651051 MB/s (111759 iters in 1.977 s)
• [sha256] 16: 32.740541 MB/s (4248963 iters in 1.980 s) 64: 82.039587 MB/s (2667306 iters in 1.984 s) 256: 148.107628 MB/s (1206556 iters in 1.989 s) 1024: 187.633143 MB/s (378650 iters in 1.971 s) 8192: 203.079830 MB/s (51460 iters in 1.980 s)
• [sha512] 16: 27.174808 MB/s (3539910 iters in 1.988 s) 64: 107.114479 MB/s (3511519 iters in 2.001 s) 256: 181.582232 MB/s (1481042 iters in 1.991 s) 1024: 262.146451 MB/s (538311 iters in 2.005 s) 8192: 301.017129 MB/s (76650 iters in 1.989 s)
• [rsa-generate] 1024: 112.465 ops per second (1269 iters in 11.283) 2048: 11.407 ops per second (125 iters in 10.958) 4096: 1.342 ops per second (9 iters in 6.709)
• [rsa-encrypt] 1024: 85190.882 ops per second (1086956 iters in 12.759) 2048: 28593.006 ops per second (349650 iters in 12.229) 4096: 8813.099 ops per second (102040 iters in 11.578)
• [rsa-decrypt] 1024: 4032.054 ops per second (29708 iters in 7.368) 2048: 731.030 ops per second (7274 iters in 9.950) 4096: 116.340 ops per second (1145 iters in 9.842)
• [rsa-pkcs1-encrypt] 1024: 77539.233 ops per second (735294 iters in 9.483) 2048: 24854.606 ops per second (268817 iters in 10.816) 4096: 7693.667 ops per second (85324 iters in 11.090)
• [rsa-pkcs1-decrypt] 1024: 3988.810 ops per second (38699 iters in 9.702) 2048: 744.531 ops per second (7314 iters in 9.824) 4096: 115.388 ops per second (1141 iters in 9.888)
• [rsa-pkcs1-sign] 1024: 3417.872 ops per second (34530 iters in 10.103) 2048: 657.928 ops per second (6568 iters in 9.983) 4096: 107.867 ops per second (1071 iters in 9.929)
• [rsa-pkcs1-verify] 1024: 69062.244 ops per second (694444 iters in 10.055) 2048: 23739.709 ops per second (236966 iters in 9.982) 4096: 7543.535 ops per second (76687 iters in 10.166)
• [rsa-pss-sign] 1024: 3866.357 ops per second (41528 iters in 10.741) 2048: 735.117 ops per second (7337 iters in 9.981) 4096: 112.564 ops per second (1144 iters in 10.163)
• [rsa-pss-verify] 1024: 58865.502 ops per second (602409 iters in 10.234) 2048: 21324.568 ops per second (222222 iters in 10.421) 4096: 7032.052 ops per second (71225 iters in 10.129)
• [dsa-generate] 1024: 34.113 ops per second (462 iters in 13.543) 2048: 2.412 ops per second (26 iters in 10.779) 3072: 0.395 ops per second (6 iters in 15.194)
• [dsa-sign] 1024: 6868.305 ops per second (68870 iters in 10.027) 2048: 1771.636 ops per second (17959 iters in 10.137) 3072: 807.851 ops per second (8884 iters in 10.997)
• [dsa-verify] 1024: 5927.364 ops per second (60901 iters in 10.275) 2048: 1043.694 ops per second (10307 iters in 9.875) 3072: 505.150 ops per second (5163 iters in 10.221)
• [dh-secret] oakley5 (1536): 2965.814 ops per second (27173 iters in 9.162) oakley14 (2048): 1829.276 ops per second (19372 iters in 10.590) ffdhe2048: 1863.896 ops per second (19215 iters in 10.309) ffdhe3072: 705.235 ops per second (7278 iters in 10.320) ffdhe4096: 340.646 ops per second (3353 iters in 9.843) ffdhe6144: 154.170 ops per second (1508 iters in 9.781)
• [dh-share] oakley5 (1536): 3168.025 ops per second (32658 iters in 10.309) oakley14 (2048): 1840.663 ops per second (19054 iters in 10.352) ffdhe2048: 1816.268 ops per second (19157 iters in 10.547) ffdhe3072: 696.719 ops per second (7166 iters in 10.285) ffdhe4096: 337.490 ops per second (3399 iters in 10.071) ffdhe6144: 152.990 ops per second (1532 iters in 10.014)

compared to nocrypto master (ed7bb8d911dc340e36d85d335d9edb8339f0932d):

• [aes-128-ecb] 16: 135.442339 MB/s (17569952 iters in 1.979 s) 64: 460.922168 MB/s (15006148 iters in 1.987 s) 256: 1428.596998 MB/s (11586270 iters in 1.980 s) 1024: 2603.066949 MB/s (5351070 iters in 2.007 s) 8192: 3562.221449 MB/s (894266 iters in 1.961 s)
• [aes-128-cbc-e] 16: 112.052192 MB/s (15563390 iters in 2.119 s) 64: 283.095265 MB/s (8731413 iters in 1.882 s) 256: 441.262003 MB/s (3650061 iters in 2.019 s) 1024: 506.978895 MB/s (1024850 iters in 1.974 s) 8192: 521.717454 MB/s (139145 iters in 2.084 s)
• [aes-128-cbc-d] 16: 117.319846 MB/s (15508408 iters in 2.017 s) 64: 402.086303 MB/s (13138679 iters in 1.994 s) 256: 1247.900251 MB/s (10363209 iters in 2.027 s) 1024: 2303.701767 MB/s (4783087 iters in 2.028 s) 8192: 3177.857027 MB/s (807868 iters in 1.986 s)
• [aes-128-ctr] 16: 124.833523 MB/s (16276319 iters in 1.990 s) 64: 420.635080 MB/s (13606571 iters in 1.974 s) 256: 1251.742047 MB/s (10235121 iters in 1.996 s) 1024: 2145.657443 MB/s (4369951 iters in 1.989 s) 8192: 2970.097091 MB/s (757489 iters in 1.992 s)
• [aes-128-gcm] 16: 44.527800 MB/s (5854064 iters in 2.006 s) 64: 152.068032 MB/s (4992261 iters in 2.004 s) 256: 542.805976 MB/s (4414864 iters in 1.986 s) 1024: 1193.384389 MB/s (2460672 iters in 2.014 s) 8192: 1935.605143 MB/s (487413 iters in 1.967 s)
• [aes-128-ghash] 16: 47.523782 MB/s (6246603 iters in 2.006 s) 64: 172.924057 MB/s (5636899 iters in 1.990 s) 256: 689.413807 MB/s (5634564 iters in 1.995 s) 1024: 2058.438893 MB/s (4202766 iters in 1.994 s) 8192: 4920.604006 MB/s (1254857 iters in 1.992 s)
• [aes-128-ccm] 16: 9.845429 MB/s (1274401 iters in 1.975 s) 64: 32.275969 MB/s (1043211 iters in 1.973 s) 256: 78.221849 MB/s (600615 iters in 1.875 s) 1024: 120.482150 MB/s (245463 iters in 1.990 s) 8192: 143.803733 MB/s (36746 iters in 1.996 s)
• [aes-192-ecb] 16: 117.584221 MB/s (15668971 iters in 2.033 s) 64: 400.021369 MB/s (13021257 iters in 1.987 s) 256: 1255.330965 MB/s (10273511 iters in 1.998 s) 1024: 2229.593050 MB/s (4530976 iters in 1.985 s) 8192: 3046.782735 MB/s (773377 iters in 1.983 s)
• [aes-256-ecb] 16: 114.745077 MB/s (14905839 iters in 1.982 s) 64: 384.193368 MB/s (12486413 iters in 1.984 s) 256: 1164.849725 MB/s (9530435 iters in 1.997 s) 1024: 2028.763403 MB/s (4114904 iters in 1.981 s) 8192: 2694.585208 MB/s (683879 iters in 1.983 s)
• [d3des-ecb] 16: 17.672106 MB/s (2308796 iters in 1.994 s) 64: 19.903860 MB/s (648180 iters in 1.988 s) 256: 20.828452 MB/s (169190 iters in 1.983 s) 1024: 21.026390 MB/s (42581 iters in 1.978 s) 8192: 21.103543 MB/s (5365 iters in 1.986 s)
• [fortuna] 16: 45.528384 MB/s (5972145 iters in 2.002 s) 64: 164.170314 MB/s (5392710 iters in 2.005 s) 256: 583.800203 MB/s (4766501 iters in 1.993 s) 1024: 1384.452890 MB/s (2828454 iters in 1.995 s) 8192: 2300.342453 MB/s (586851 iters in 1.993 s)
• [md5] 16: 60.352932 MB/s (7833123 iters in 1.980 s) 64: 163.484629 MB/s (4985343 iters in 1.861 s) 256: 326.053714 MB/s (2676931 iters in 2.004 s) 1024: 430.897892 MB/s (899381 iters in 2.038 s) 8192: 481.258285 MB/s (110790 iters in 1.799 s)
• [sha1] 16: 51.720201 MB/s (7014270 iters in 2.069 s) 64: 137.512543 MB/s (4583413 iters in 2.034 s) 256: 283.507242 MB/s (2120380 iters in 1.826 s) 1024: 381.400222 MB/s (773643 iters in 1.981 s) 8192: 434.856626 MB/s (110993 iters in 1.994 s)
• [sha256] 16: 32.117877 MB/s (4162582 iters in 1.978 s) 64: 78.860229 MB/s (2562436 iters in 1.983 s) 256: 143.113584 MB/s (1167932 iters in 1.992 s) 1024: 181.775160 MB/s (370913 iters in 1.993 s) 8192: 196.245056 MB/s (49758 iters in 1.981 s)
• [sha512] 16: 27.343156 MB/s (3569255 iters in 1.992 s) 64: 108.955616 MB/s (3534730 iters in 1.980 s) 256: 181.403811 MB/s (1471724 iters in 1.981 s) 1024: 261.357534 MB/s (527511 iters in 1.971 s) 8192: 298.635244 MB/s (75985 iters in 1.988 s)
• [rsa-generate] 1024: 137.412 ops per second (1358 iters in 9.883) 2048: 13.585 ops per second (144 iters in 10.600) 4096: 1.386 ops per second (9 iters in 6.494)
• [rsa-encrypt] 1024: 85072.401 ops per second (833333 iters in 9.796) 2048: 28931.132 ops per second (284090 iters in 9.820) 4096: 8969.821 ops per second (88028 iters in 9.814)
• [rsa-decrypt] 1024: 5318.640 ops per second (48875 iters in 9.189) 2048: 957.132 ops per second (9731 iters in 10.167) 4096: 139.017 ops per second (1396 iters in 10.042)
• [rsa-pkcs1-encrypt] 1024: 70783.935 ops per second (537634 iters in 7.595) 2048: 24159.049 ops per second (241545 iters in 9.998) 4096: 7667.324 ops per second (73964 iters in 9.647)
• [rsa-pkcs1-decrypt] 1024: 5227.203 ops per second (48828 iters in 9.341) 2048: 940.782 ops per second (9591 iters in 10.195) 4096: 138.289 ops per second (1385 iters in 10.015)
• [rsa-pkcs1-sign] 1024: 5089.071 ops per second (41806 iters in 8.215) 2048: 938.950 ops per second (9480 iters in 10.096) 4096: 138.016 ops per second (1378 iters in 9.984)
• [rsa-pkcs1-verify] 1024: 64928.671 ops per second (537634 iters in 8.280) 2048: 23218.845 ops per second (225225 iters in 9.700) 4096: 7566.439 ops per second (73313 iters in 9.689)
• [rsa-pss-sign] 1024: 5016.718 ops per second (49701 iters in 9.907) 2048: 926.741 ops per second (9439 iters in 10.185) 4096: 136.907 ops per second (1356 iters in 9.905)
• [rsa-pss-verify] 1024: 55386.995 ops per second (515463 iters in 9.307) 2048: 20812.506 ops per second (203252 iters in 9.766) 4096: 6976.815 ops per second (68965 iters in 9.885)
• [dsa-generate] 1024: 30.547 ops per second (518 iters in 16.957) 2048: 3.073 ops per second (26 iters in 8.460) 3072: 0.963 ops per second (7 iters in 7.273)
• [dsa-sign] 1024: 5169.869 ops per second (50761 iters in 9.819) 2048: 1037.131 ops per second (10778 iters in 10.392) 3072: 498.180 ops per second (5203 iters in 10.444)
• [dsa-verify] 1024: 5811.022 ops per second (56561 iters in 9.733) 2048: 1047.119 ops per second (10519 iters in 10.046) 3072: 502.466 ops per second (5080 iters in 10.110)
• [dh-secret] oakley5 (1536): 4032.563 ops per second (40160 iters in 9.959) oakley14 (2048): 2370.121 ops per second (23397 iters in 9.872) ffdhe2048: 2371.094 ops per second (23474 iters in 9.900) ffdhe3072: 959.168 ops per second (9328 iters in 9.725) ffdhe4096: 477.707 ops per second (4723 iters in 9.887) ffdhe6144: 232.990 ops per second (2318 iters in 9.949)
• [dh-share] oakley5 (1536): 4109.406 ops per second (42194 iters in 10.268) oakley14 (2048): 2361.098 ops per second (23180 iters in 9.817) ffdhe2048: 2362.707 ops per second (23463 iters in 9.931) ffdhe3072: 954.438 ops per second (9708 iters in 10.171) ffdhe4096: 462.487 ops per second (4770 iters in 10.314) ffdhe6144: 216.363 ops per second (2320 iters in 10.723)

compared to nocrypto 0.5.4:

• [aes-128-ecb] 16: 129.593907 MB/s (17113588 iters in 2.015 s) 64: 445.385674 MB/s (14718078 iters in 2.017 s) 256: 1401.391157 MB/s (11549531 iters in 2.012 s) 1024: 2595.914412 MB/s (5344235 iters in 2.010 s) 8192: 3501.195690 MB/s (901692 iters in 2.012 s)
• [aes-128-cbc-e] 16: 108.325512 MB/s (14606739 iters in 2.058 s) 64: 253.049301 MB/s (8601262 iters in 2.075 s) 256: 401.720298 MB/s (3339667 iters in 2.030 s) 1024: 489.085790 MB/s (960494 iters in 1.918 s) 8192: 517.197627 MB/s (133293 iters in 2.013 s)
• [aes-128-cbc-d] 16: 107.210047 MB/s (14669564 iters in 2.088 s) 64: 381.448329 MB/s (12527866 iters in 2.005 s) 256: 1240.270260 MB/s (9848820 iters in 1.939 s) 1024: 2312.995617 MB/s (4691696 iters in 1.981 s) 8192: 3133.530316 MB/s (810500 iters in 2.021 s)
• [aes-128-ctr] 16: 122.343292 MB/s (15659757 iters in 1.953 s) 64: 403.448633 MB/s (13233815 iters in 2.002 s) 256: 1248.728485 MB/s (10233026 iters in 2.001 s) 1024: 2114.395379 MB/s (4328489 iters in 1.999 s) 8192: 2877.065507 MB/s (738833 iters in 2.006 s)
• [aes-128-gcm] 16: 8.210968 MB/s (1082052 iters in 2.011 s) 64: 19.575635 MB/s (639463 iters in 1.994 s) 256: 29.907070 MB/s (245891 iters in 2.007 s) 1024: 29.262152 MB/s (57980 iters in 1.935 s) 8192: 29.581451 MB/s (7531 iters in 1.989 s)
• [aes-128-ccm] 16: 9.944615 MB/s (1292677 iters in 1.983 s) 64: 32.926246 MB/s (1063853 iters in 1.972 s) 256: 78.113169 MB/s (637793 iters in 1.993 s) 1024: 122.785527 MB/s (248373 iters in 1.975 s) 8192: 145.229084 MB/s (34938 iters in 1.879 s)
• [aes-192-ecb] 16: 119.679360 MB/s (16015977 iters in 2.042 s) 64: 411.271644 MB/s (13428694 iters in 1.993 s) 256: 1289.074612 MB/s (10622087 iters in 2.012 s) 1024: 2284.472462 MB/s (4634843 iters in 1.981 s) 8192: 3069.150001 MB/s (783834 iters in 1.995 s)
• [aes-256-ecb] 16: 118.242682 MB/s (15540220 iters in 2.005 s) 64: 394.463508 MB/s (12884896 iters in 1.994 s) 256: 1219.668891 MB/s (9902558 iters in 1.982 s) 1024: 2088.975918 MB/s (4237494 iters in 1.981 s) 8192: 2701.278566 MB/s (684954 iters in 1.981 s)
• [d3des-ecb] 16: 17.784525 MB/s (2330798 iters in 2.000 s) 64: 20.185889 MB/s (658308 iters in 1.990 s) 256: 21.036904 MB/s (171344 iters in 1.989 s) 1024: 21.195014 MB/s (42993 iters in 1.981 s) 8192: 21.450254 MB/s (5475 iters in 1.994 s)
• [fortuna] 16: 44.926539 MB/s (5858282 iters in 1.990 s) 64: 147.362742 MB/s (5285998 iters in 2.189 s) 256: 556.881662 MB/s (4692885 iters in 2.057 s) 1024: 1322.280478 MB/s (2796713 iters in 2.065 s) 8192: 2193.681448 MB/s (464696 iters in 1.655 s)
• [md5] 16: 47.291886 MB/s (5869457 iters in 1.894 s) 64: 140.406459 MB/s (4424445 iters in 1.923 s) 256: 298.883345 MB/s (2448636 iters in 2.000 s) 1024: 425.476508 MB/s (864106 iters in 1.983 s) 8192: 483.577246 MB/s (123914 iters in 2.002 s)
• [sha1] 16: 44.741101 MB/s (5791729 iters in 1.975 s) 64: 124.553309 MB/s (4048214 iters in 1.984 s) 256: 262.417489 MB/s (2131187 iters in 1.983 s) 1024: 373.496782 MB/s (761690 iters in 1.992 s) 8192: 438.060065 MB/s (112024 iters in 1.998 s)
• [sha256] 16: 28.598662 MB/s (3705886 iters in 1.977 s) 64: 73.185820 MB/s (2364851 iters in 1.972 s) 256: 139.469681 MB/s (1136138 iters in 1.989 s) 1024: 180.737238 MB/s (365880 iters in 1.977 s) 8192: 197.959258 MB/s (50160 iters in 1.980 s)
• [sha512] 16: 24.386785 MB/s (3171793 iters in 1.985 s) 64: 97.828998 MB/s (3192511 iters in 1.992 s) 256: 172.207635 MB/s (1401788 iters in 1.987 s) 1024: 258.055383 MB/s (523524 iters in 1.981 s) 8192: 302.046584 MB/s (76448 iters in 1.977 s)

mirage-entropy v0.5.1 (2020-02-24)

• use dune for building this package (#47 @hannesm)

mirage-entropy v0.5.0 (2019-11-01)

• Use mirage-runtime provided hooks (since 3.7.0), see mirage/mirage#1010 (#45 @samoht)
• Drop mirage-os-shim dependency (#45 @samoht)
• Raise minimum OCaml version to 4.06.0 (#46 @hannesm)

mirage-entropy 0.4.1 (2018-08-15)

• Aarch64 support (#39 by @reynir)

nocrypto v0.5.4 2017-01-31:

• Relicense from BSD2 to ISC.
• Support MirageOS 3.0.
• Replace OASIS with topkg.
• Stricter base64 decoding.

mirage-entropy 0.4.0 (2017-01-20)

• Compatibility with MirageOS 3 module types.
• Add a benchmark.
• Obsolete mirage-entropy-<BACKEND>; the repository now contains only mirage-entropy.
• Support Unix, Xen, and Solo5 backends.
• Prune oasis.
• Move noalloc to 4.03-style annotations

nocrypto v0.5.3 2016-03-21:

• Move from Camlp4 to PPX.
• Tweaked the supporting Cstruct module's API.
• Dh.shared returns option instead of throwing if the public message is degenerate.
• Base64.decode returns option instead of throwing

nocrypto 0.5.2 2015-12-03:

• Avoid including intrinsics-related headers if SSE/AES-NI is disabled.
• Replace opam variable nocrypto-inhibit-modernity with $NOCRYPTO_NO_ACCEL.
• Remove cstruct equality.

nocrypto 0.5.1 2015-07-07:

• Disable AES-NI if not supported in the ./configure step.
• Support the global opam variable nocrypto-inhibit-modernity.

nocrypto 0.5.0 2015-07-02:

• Support for AES-NI and SSE2.
• Support RSA-OAEP and RSA-PSS.
• Drop ctypes for internal C calls.
• Generate smaller secret exponents for DH, making operations on large groups much faster.
• Support dynamic switching of RNG algorithms and decouple Rng from Fortuna.
• Module for injectring entropy into RNG on pure Unix (optional).
• Nocrypto_entropy_lwt.initialize no longer needs to be synchronized on.
• Renamed module signatures and modules containing only signatures from T to S.
• Changes to CTR, CBC, Rsa and Dh APIs.

mirage-entropy 0.3.0 (2015-05-02)

• Remove mirage-entropy-unix from the repository; it now only contains mirage-entropy-xen.
• Add internal entropy harvesting via timing and CPU RNG if available.
• Temporarily disable xentropyd.
• The API is no longer V1.ENTROPY compatible.

nocrypto 0.4.0 2015-05-02:

• Module for injecting entropy into RNG on Unix/Lwt (optional).
• Module for injecting entropy into RNG on Mirage/Xen (optional; depends on mirage-entropy-xen).
• API changes in Rng.
• Do not 0-pad DH public and shared representations.
• More named DH groups.

mirage-entropy 0.2.0 (09-Mar-2015)

• Do not wrap Entropy_unix in a functor as it is meant to be used directly.
• Xen: read entropy from a Xen PV device. This is implemented by the xentropyd daemon.

nocrypto 0.3.1 2015-02-01:

• Support for Mirage/Xen (contributed by Thomas Leonard talex5@gmail.com).

nocrypto 0.3.0 2014-12-21:

• Removed ad-hoc key marshalling functions as key material typically comes non-trivially encoded anyways.
• Changed how module interfaces for the packed module are handled: module type of constructs are gone.
• More consistent errors in Rsa.
• Small API breakage here and there.

nocrypto 0.2.2 2014-11-04:

• Replaced hashing sources with the ones from hs-cryptohash (https://github.com/vincenthz/hs-cryptohash) by Vincent Hanquez.
• Renamed various symbols likely to conflict with other crypto libraries.

nocrypto 0.2.0 2014-10-30:

• DSA (initial version contributed by Hannes Mehnert hannes@mehnert.org).
• CCM mode for AES (contributed by Hannes Mehnert hannes@mehnert.org).
• Switched from hand written stubs to ctypes for intefacing with the C code.
• Packed the module to avoid clobbering global namespace; some modules renamed.
• Various bugfixes and improvements.

nocrypto 0.1.0 2014-07-08:

• Initial (beta) release.

mirage-entropy 0.1.6 (06-July-2014)

• Rework the module to be event-driven, more in line with entropy gathering.

mirage-entropy 0.1.5 (06-July-2014)

• Guarantee that all of the required entropy is read on Unix.
• Add a Entropy_xen_weak that uses the builtin Random.self_init as a measure of last-resort.

mirage-entropy 0.1.4 (04-July-2014)

• provide Mirage 1.2.0 interfaces (V1_LWT.ENTROPY).
• name modules Entropy_xen and Entropy_unix to not clash.

mirage-entropy 0.1.3 (03-July-2014)

• Unbreak build: ocamlfind wasn't able to locate the package previously.

mirage-entropy 0.1.2 (03-July-2014)

• Use /dev/urandom instead of /dev/random (for non-blocking behaviour).

mirage-entropy 0.1.1 (03-July-2014)

• Use Makefile instead of oasis as build system.

mirage-entropy 0.1.0 (03-July-2014)

• Initial release: on Unix, use /dev/random; on XEN, error out.